AIDS / SIDA
Detail Listing of Estimates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Seroprevalence
Region / Country | Risk Area | Geographic Area | Year | Sub-Population | Sex | Age | Prev. Rate | Sample Size | Data Type | Test Type | Source ID | ||
VIETNAM | UL | HCM SAIGON | 1999 | PREGNANT WOMEN | F | ALL | .2 | 1006 | HIV | UNK | H01 45 | ||
UH | HCM SAIGON | 1999 | PROSTITUTES | F | ALL | 4.9 | 81 | HIV | UNK | H01 45 | b | ||
UH | HCM SAIGON | 1999 | IVDU | B | ALL | 26.9 | 238 | HIV | UNK | H01 45 | |||
OL | DONG NAI PROV | 1999 | PREGNANT WOMEN | F | ALL | .0 | 800 | HIV | UNK | H01 45 | |||
OH | HA TINH PROVINCE | 1999 | PROSTITUTES | F | ALL | .6 | 163 | HIV | UNK | H01 45 | |||
OH | NAM DINH | 1999 | IVDU | B | ALL | 12.4 | 170 | HIV | UNK | H01 45 |
Source
Source ID |
Reference
|
H01 45 | Hien, N. T., 1999, HIV Sentinel Surveillance in Vietnam, Presented at Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic (MAP) in Asia Symposium, Network Consultative Meeting, 10/19-21, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. |
Nombre de cas officiellement enregistrés au Viêt Nam d'après l'AFP (juillet 2001) : plus de 50,000
Mais d'après les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) étrangères, ce chiffre s'élèverait en fait à au moins 150,000.
Le programme des Nations Unis pour le développement (PNUD) considère de son côté que 300,000 à 350,000 personnes seront contaminées durant les 5 prochaines années.
Le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance (Unicef) dénombre 3 millions de mineurs ayant besoin d'une protection particulière, notamment 147,000 orphelins, 233,000 handicapés, 28,000 petits travailleurs et plus de 5,500 toxicomanes. Quelque 17,500 adolescents de moins de 18 ans sont séropositifs.
Vietnam at a Glance |
|
Total Population (1/2000) | 76,327,919 |
Percentage of people... |
|
Living in cities |
23.47% |
0-14 years |
33.50% |
15-64 years |
60.70% |
Up to 65 years | 5.80% |
Annual population growth (4/1999) |
1.76% |
Annual death rate CDR (1/2000) |
5.56% |
Infant
mortality rate IMR
(1/2000) |
36.70% |
Life Expectancy |
|
Male |
64.9 years |
Female
|
69.6 years |
Illiteracy rate for population 5-14 years |
|
Male |
13.36% |
Female |
13.76% |
Per capita GDP (in 1998) |
$352 |
UNDP Human Development Ranking (1998) |
122 |
Sources: l UNDP Human Development Report, 1997
The 1999 Census of Vietnam at a Glance (Primary Results)
HIV Infection Incidence in Vietnam
(Per 100,000 People)
Date
|
Vietnam |
HCM City |
Khanh Hoa |
Quang ninh |
Lang son |
26/5/95 |
3.5 |
29.2 |
26 |
- |
- |
30/12/95 |
4.6 |
37.8 |
33.9 |
- |
- |
29/6/96 |
5.6 |
39.2 |
35.6 |
- |
- |
14/12/96 |
6.5 |
41.0 |
40.2 |
- |
- |
25/10/97 |
9.5 |
47.6 |
47.1 |
56.3 (12/97) |
51.93 (12/97) |
26/12/98 |
14.8 |
54.1 |
57.8 |
163.3 |
69.2 |
30/12/99 |
22.37 |
53.35 |
64.02 |
215.37 |
77.25 |
Source: Ministry of Health
Distribution of HIV Cases by Age Group
Date |
Under 20 years |
20 - 29 years |
30 - 39 years |
40 - 49 years |
Over 49 years |
Age unknown |
26/5/95 |
2.2 |
16.7 |
48.8 |
23.3 |
2.4 |
6.6 |
30/12/95 |
2.8 |
19.1 |
45.2 |
25.6 |
2.3 |
4.4 |
29/6/96 |
3.1 |
19.8 |
43.9 |
26.8 |
2.2 |
4.3 |
14/12/96 |
3.4 |
22.2 |
41.1 |
26.4 |
2.2 |
4.4 |
24/8/97 |
10.9 |
48.4 |
21.0 |
15.5 |
1.6 |
2.7 |
26/12/98 |
7.0 |
37.8 |
30.3 |
19.7 |
1.7 |
3.5 |
30/12/99 |
10.1 |
61.1 |
18.6 |
6.9 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
Source: Ministry of Health
Distribution of HIV Cases by Gender
Date |
Male |
Female |
Unknown |
26/5/95 |
87.6 |
13.4 |
|
30/12/95 |
86.2 |
13.8 |
|
29/6/96 |
85 |
15 |
|
14/12/96 |
82.6 |
15.5 |
1.9 |
24/8/97 |
87.3 |
11.7 |
1 |
26/12/98 |
85.1 |
13.7 |
1.2 |
30/12/99 |
88.1 |
11.7 |
0.2 |
Source: Ministry of Health
Distribution of HIV Cases by Risk Group
Date |
Intravenous Drug Users |
Prostitutes |
STD Patients |
Tuberculosis Patients |
Blood Sellers/Donors |
Others |
Unknown |
26/5/95 |
78.6 |
4.0 |
2.2 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
4.5 |
8.3 |
30/12/95 |
77.0 |
5.4 |
2.3 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
9.0 |
6.9 |
29/6/96 |
74.0 |
6.2 |
2.3 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
6.6 |
7.4 |
14/12/96 |
69.3 |
6.1 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
8.9 |
8.5 |
25/10/97 |
56.7 |
7.0 |
N /A |
N/A |
N/A |
36.3 |
N/A |
26/12/98 |
64.9 |
4.2 |
2.7 |
3.9 |
1.9 |
14.1 |
8.3 |
30/12/99 |
64.9 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
4.2 |
1.0 |
23.2 |
1.4 |
More than half of Hanoi prostitutes HIV positive: government survey
Agence France Presse
March 13, 2002 Wednesday 4:30 AM Eastern Time
HANOI, March 13
More than half of registered prostitutes in the Vietnamese capital now carry
the AIDS virus following a huge surge of infection in the communist state's
large sex industry, a government survey suggested Wednesday.
Infection rates at the capital's Social Support Centre Number Two, a home for women with repeat convictions for solliciting, reached 55.4 percent in 2001 against 39.2 percent the previous year, the labour and social affairs ministry survey showed.
The infection rates for Hanoi were even higher than those for Ho Chi Minh City, normally regarded as the country's vice centre, the survey results carried by the police daily Cong An Nhan Dan (People's Police) suggested. In the commercial capital's Thu Duc Women's Education Centre, the survey found that 24 percent of prostitutes were HIV positive against 21 percent at the 05 Centre in the northern port city of Haiphong.
Across Vietnam's big cities infection rates among registered prostitutes saw an increase of 18.4 percent on 2000. The survey results seemed to contradict suggestions by some aid workers that intravenous drugs use remained the primary means of transmission of the AIDS virus in Vietnam, even among prostitutes.
Prostitutes who were also heroin users accounted for just 11.3 percent of the HIV infections in Hanoi, although the proportion rose to 18 percent in Ho Chi Minh City.
The figures were the latest in a series of surveys to suggest an explosion of HIV infection in Vietnam's sex and hospitality industry. A nationwide study published by the labour and social affairs ministry in March last year found that infection among prostitutes had leapt from 2.8 percent in 1998 to 21.6 percent in 2000.
Western donors have expressed mounting alarm about the potential for HIV infection to spread from prostitutes into the general population and Washington announced six millions dollars in assistance for AIDS prevention here in November 2000.
HIV Spread Accelerating
in Vietnam, Experts Warn
Reuters
Wednesday January 2 1:26 PM ET
By Alan Mozes
HANOI (Reuters Health)
- While the rate of HIV (news - web sites) infection has begun to drop in
neighboring Cambodia, public health officials are finding that a dramatically
different pattern is under way here in Vietnam. They warn that this country's
AIDS (news - web sites) problem is growing at an alarming rate.
``Vietnam is facing a rapidly growing HIV epidemic,'' said Dr. Laurent Zessler,
the UNAIDS (news - web sites) representative in Hanoi. Current HIV prevalence is
estimated at 0.22% to 0.29%, and rising. The Vietnamese Ministry of Health (MOH)
puts the number of citizens currently infected at 120,000, out of a population
of over 76 million.
The MOH 2001 surveys reveal that almost one quarter of injection drug users--the
population driving the Vietnamese epidemic--are now HIV positive, up from just
over 17% in 1994. This group, numbering over 21,000, is reported to constitute
65% of all reported HIV and AIDS cases in the country.
Over 4% of female sex workers are now infected, eight times the 1994 figure.
Infection among tuberculosis patients has more than tripled in the same period,
while the number of infected pregnant women has increased 10-fold, the findings
show.
``The conditions are here for this epidemic to become extremely serious,''
Zessler cautioned. ``And, we feel, the government is not acknowledging the full
magnitude of the problem.
``HIV/AIDS (prevention education) has not been integrated fully into the
secondary school education system,'' he added. ''Teachers are trained, and talk
for a certain number of hours to their students about HIV, but we consider it to
be too tame and too shy.
``And you must remember that this is a very young population,'' Zessler noted,
pointing to UNAIDS statistics that indicate almost 34% of the country is younger
than 14 years of age. ``So we have to move faster to reach them.''
The World Health Organization (news - web sites)'s (WHO) Hanoi representative
Dominique Ricard agreed that the time to act is now. ``HIV prevalence in Vietnam
is still relatively low, so it's a very good time to do something,'' Ricard told
Reuters Health. To combat WHO projections that AIDS deaths will rise among 15-
to 49-year-olds from 4,000 to 11,000 by 2005, he said intervention efforts
should be quickly directed towards the country's estimated 300,000 female sex
workers.
``We should promote 100% condom use among sex workers,'' he advised, referring
to a program promoting easy access to condoms in brothels and similar settings
that has met with success in Thailand and Cambodia.
However, Zessler remarked that the country has no such policy and that social
marketing and distribution of condoms remains very weak. While Vietnam has two
functioning condom factories, he noted, they are not running at full capacity.
The condoms that are produced are made available only at family planning and
health clinics, he added, not at bars, clubs and brothels, where they would
reach more people.
``Contrary to Thailand, here in Vietnam we have the problem of a centralized
government that has not been willing to provide wide access to condoms,
particularly among commercial sex workers,'' Zessler said. ``It's really a
political and organizational issue. We have the condoms here. They are quite
cheap. But the decision has not been made to make them more available.''