AIDS / SIDA

Detail Listing of Estimates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Seroprevalence

Region / Country   Risk Area Geographic Area Year Sub-Population Sex Age Prev. Rate Sample Size Data Type Test Type Source ID  
VIETNAM   UL HCM SAIGON 1999 PREGNANT WOMEN F ALL .2 1006 HIV UNK H01 45  
    UH HCM SAIGON 1999 PROSTITUTES F ALL 4.9 81 HIV UNK H01 45 b
    UH HCM SAIGON 1999 IVDU B ALL 26.9 238 HIV UNK H01 45  
    OL DONG NAI PROV 1999 PREGNANT WOMEN F ALL .0 800 HIV UNK H01 45  
    OH HA TINH PROVINCE 1999 PROSTITUTES F ALL .6 163 HIV UNK H01 45  
    OH NAM DINH 1999 IVDU B ALL 12.4 170 HIV UNK H01 45  

Source

Source ID
Reference
H01 45 Hien, N. T., 1999, HIV Sentinel Surveillance in Vietnam, Presented at Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic (MAP) in Asia Symposium, Network Consultative Meeting, 10/19-21, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Nombre de cas officiellement enregistrés au Viêt Nam d'après l'AFP (juillet 2001) : plus de 50,000

Mais d'après les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) étrangères, ce chiffre s'élèverait en fait à au moins 150,000.

Le programme des Nations Unis pour le développement (PNUD) considère de son côté que 300,000 à 350,000 personnes seront contaminées durant les 5 prochaines années.

Le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance (Unicef) dénombre 3 millions de mineurs ayant besoin d'une protection particulière, notamment 147,000 orphelins, 233,000 handicapés, 28,000 petits travailleurs et plus de 5,500 toxicomanes. Quelque 17,500 adolescents de moins de 18 ans sont séropositifs.

Vietnam at a Glance

 

 

Total Population (1/2000) 76,327,919

Percentage of people...

 

Living in cities 

23.47%

0-14 years

33.50%

15-64 years

60.70%

Up to 65 years 5.80%

Annual population growth (4/1999)

1.76%

 Annual death rate CDR (1/2000)

5.56%

Infant mortality rate  IMR (1/2000)

36.70%

Life Expectancy

 

Male 

64.9 years

Female  

69.6 years

Illiteracy rate for population 5-14 years

 

Male

13.36%

Female

13.76%

Per capita GDP (in 1998)

$352

UNDP Human Development Ranking (1998)

122

Sources:  l UNDP Human Development Report, 1997

The 1999 Census of Vietnam at a Glance (Primary Results)

HIV Infection Incidence in Vietnam 

(Per 100,000 People) 

Date

 

Vietnam

HCM City

Khanh Hoa

Quang ninh

Lang son

26/5/95

3.5

29.2

26

-

-

30/12/95

4.6

37.8

33.9

-

-

29/6/96

5.6

39.2

35.6

-

-

14/12/96

6.5

41.0

40.2

-

-

25/10/97

9.5

47.6

47.1

56.3 (12/97) 

51.93 (12/97)

26/12/98

14.8

54.1

57.8

163.3

69.2

30/12/99

22.37

53.35

64.02

215.37

77.25

Source: Ministry of Health

 Distribution of HIV Cases by Age Group

Date

Under  20 years

20 - 29 years

30 - 39 years

 40 - 49 years

 Over 49 years

Age unknown

26/5/95

2.2

16.7

48.8

23.3

2.4

6.6

30/12/95

2.8

19.1

45.2

25.6

2.3

4.4

29/6/96

3.1

19.8

43.9

26.8

2.2

4.3

14/12/96

3.4

22.2

41.1

26.4

2.2

4.4

24/8/97

10.9

48.4

21.0

15.5

1.6

2.7

26/12/98

7.0

37.8

30.3

19.7

1.7

3.5

30/12/99

10.1

61.1

18.6

6.9

1.2

2.0

 Source: Ministry of Health

Distribution of HIV Cases by Gender

Date

Male

 Female

Unknown

26/5/95

87.6

13.4

 

30/12/95

86.2

13.8

 

29/6/96

85

15

 

14/12/96

82.6

15.5

1.9

24/8/97

87.3

11.7

1

26/12/98

85.1

13.7

1.2

30/12/99

88.1

11.7

0.2

Source: Ministry of Health

 Distribution of HIV Cases by Risk Group

   Date

Intravenous    Drug Users 

  Prostitutes

    STD   Patients 

 Tuberculosis Patients  

Blood Sellers/Donors

 Others 

Unknown

26/5/95

78.6

4.0

2.2

1.2

1.2

4.5

8.3

30/12/95

77.0

5.4

2.3

1.2

1.2

9.0

6.9

29/6/96

74.0

6.2

2.3

1.6

1.8

6.6

7.4

14/12/96

69.3

6.1

2.4

2.4

2.4

8.9

8.5

25/10/97

56.7

7.0

N /A

N/A

N/A

36.3

N/A

26/12/98

64.9

4.2

2.7

3.9

1.9

14.1

8.3

30/12/99

64.9

2.7

2.6

4.2

1.0

23.2

1.4

 

More than half of Hanoi prostitutes HIV positive: government survey

Agence France Presse 
March 13, 2002 Wednesday 4:30 AM Eastern Time

HANOI, March 13 

More than half of registered prostitutes in the Vietnamese capital now carry the AIDS virus following a huge surge of infection in the communist state's large sex industry, a government survey suggested Wednesday. 

Infection rates at the capital's Social Support Centre Number Two, a home for women with repeat convictions for solliciting, reached 55.4 percent in 2001 against 39.2 percent the previous year, the labour and social affairs ministry survey showed. 

The infection rates for Hanoi were even higher than those for Ho Chi Minh City, normally regarded as the country's vice centre, the survey results carried by the police daily Cong An Nhan Dan (People's Police) suggested. In the commercial capital's Thu Duc Women's Education Centre, the survey found that 24 percent of prostitutes were HIV positive against 21 percent at the 05 Centre in the northern port city of Haiphong. 

Across Vietnam's big cities infection rates among registered prostitutes saw an increase of 18.4 percent on 2000. The survey results seemed to contradict suggestions by some aid workers that intravenous drugs use remained the primary means of transmission of the AIDS virus in Vietnam, even among prostitutes. 

Prostitutes who were also heroin users accounted for just 11.3 percent of the HIV infections in Hanoi, although the proportion rose to 18 percent in Ho Chi Minh City. 

The figures were the latest in a series of surveys to suggest an explosion of HIV infection in Vietnam's sex and hospitality industry. A nationwide study published by the labour and social affairs ministry in March last year found that infection among prostitutes had leapt from 2.8 percent in 1998 to 21.6 percent in 2000. 

Western donors have expressed mounting alarm about the potential for HIV infection to spread from prostitutes into the general population and Washington announced six millions dollars in assistance for AIDS prevention here in November 2000.

 

HIV Spread Accelerating in Vietnam, Experts Warn

Reuters
Wednesday January 2 1:26 PM ET 

By Alan Mozes

HANOI (Reuters Health) - While the rate of HIV (news - web sites) infection has begun to drop in neighboring Cambodia, public health officials are finding that a dramatically different pattern is under way here in Vietnam. They warn that this country's AIDS (news - web sites) problem is growing at an alarming rate.

``Vietnam is facing a rapidly growing HIV epidemic,'' said Dr. Laurent Zessler, the UNAIDS (news - web sites) representative in Hanoi. Current HIV prevalence is estimated at 0.22% to 0.29%, and rising. The Vietnamese Ministry of Health (MOH) puts the number of citizens currently infected at 120,000, out of a population of over 76 million.

The MOH 2001 surveys reveal that almost one quarter of injection drug users--the population driving the Vietnamese epidemic--are now HIV positive, up from just over 17% in 1994. This group, numbering over 21,000, is reported to constitute 65% of all reported HIV and AIDS cases in the country.

Over 4% of female sex workers are now infected, eight times the 1994 figure. Infection among tuberculosis patients has more than tripled in the same period, while the number of infected pregnant women has increased 10-fold, the findings show.

``The conditions are here for this epidemic to become extremely serious,'' Zessler cautioned. ``And, we feel, the government is not acknowledging the full magnitude of the problem.

``HIV/AIDS (prevention education) has not been integrated fully into the secondary school education system,'' he added. ''Teachers are trained, and talk for a certain number of hours to their students about HIV, but we consider it to be too tame and too shy.

``And you must remember that this is a very young population,'' Zessler noted, pointing to UNAIDS statistics that indicate almost 34% of the country is younger than 14 years of age. ``So we have to move faster to reach them.''

The World Health Organization (news - web sites)'s (WHO) Hanoi representative Dominique Ricard agreed that the time to act is now. ``HIV prevalence in Vietnam is still relatively low, so it's a very good time to do something,'' Ricard told Reuters Health. To combat WHO projections that AIDS deaths will rise among 15- to 49-year-olds from 4,000 to 11,000 by 2005, he said intervention efforts should be quickly directed towards the country's estimated 300,000 female sex workers.

``We should promote 100% condom use among sex workers,'' he advised, referring to a program promoting easy access to condoms in brothels and similar settings that has met with success in Thailand and Cambodia.

However, Zessler remarked that the country has no such policy and that social marketing and distribution of condoms remains very weak. While Vietnam has two functioning condom factories, he noted, they are not running at full capacity. The condoms that are produced are made available only at family planning and health clinics, he added, not at bars, clubs and brothels, where they would reach more people.

``Contrary to Thailand, here in Vietnam we have the problem of a centralized government that has not been willing to provide wide access to condoms, particularly among commercial sex workers,'' Zessler said. ``It's really a political and organizational issue. We have the condoms here. They are quite cheap. But the decision has not been made to make them more available.''

 

 

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